Another central square largely untainted by the modern day. Two of Vienna’s most prominent tourist attractions flank Maria-Theresien-Platz: the Naturhistorisches and Kunsthistorisches museums.
- Completed around 1890 as part of the Ringstraßen project
- Also home to the Maria Theresa monument
- Gorgeous during the Christmas market
- See also:
History and buildings
And so our journey around Vienna’s historical squares takes us to Maria-Theresien-Platz. Though, as it turns out, this impressive-looking square is not quite as historical as you might believe.
For most of the city’s history this was relatively open ground in front of the city fortifications. The so-called glacis stayed free of permanent buildings so city defenders would have a clear sight of any besieging enemy.
Military matters eventually evolved sufficiently to make such considerations irrelevant by the mid-19th century.
(And all that space had planners, monarchs, business folk and aristocrats salivating at the possibilities.)
(Maria-Theresien-Platz, view of the front façade of the Naturhistorisches Museum around 1890; Gerlach & Wiedling (publisher); Wien Museum Inv.-Nr. 229522; excerpt reproduced with permission under the terms of the CC0 licence)
So the fortifications came down and the city developed ambitious plans for the area that eventually became the Ringstraßen boulevards of today, flanked by numerous prestigious buildings and one town palais after the next.
Given the land’s location opposite the Hofburg palace, the idea was to create a suitably fine-looking square and buildings that would form an integrated complex with Heldenplatz and the Hofburg.
Things did not work out quite as hoped (the monarchy ran out of time and money), but Maria-Theresien-Platz fulfilled most of that original premise.
The square itself has a huge Habsburg monument to its namesake at the centre, two magnificent museums, and a handful of fountains just to add that watery je ne sais quoi to proceedings.
The above photo shows the square in its near-virginal state, and little has changed since construction.
As for that name, it honours Empress Maria Theresa (1717-1780), who inherited a Habsburg mess and laid the foundations for the dynasty’s success and survival into the early 20th century.
The square forms part of many a visitor’s walking tour of Vienna, but its big moment comes at the end of the year: from around mid-November, Maria-Theresien-Platz plays host to the Weihnachtsdorf Christmas market.
This market definitely ranks as one of Vienna’s prettiest, thanks to the tasteful lighting around the topiary (see photo above) and the museum backdrops. It also ranks as one of the biggest.
The main permanent elements on the square itself are…
The Maria Theresa monument
Construction work on the square stretched across much of the second half of the 1800s, and the unveiling of the centrepiece monument took place in 1888.
The Empress herself towers over statues and reliefs of military leaders and other personalities from the fields of art, science, administration, and more. Haydn and Mozart make an appearance, for example.
Naturhistorisches Museum
The two museums on the square were conceived as twins. The first, opened in 1889, was the imperial-royal Naturhistorisches Hofmuseum (today’s Natural History Museum).
The new institution brought together various state collections under one roof and has its own connection to Maria Theresa.
The empress’s husband, Franz Stephan (1708-1765), pursued various scientific interests, and she gave his private collection to the state after his death to form the foundation of the museum’s own archives today.
The Kunsthistorisches Museum
The second museum was the imperial-royal Kunsthistorisches Hofmuseum, now simply the Kunsthistorisches Museum.
Opened in 1891, the museum houses paintings by old masters and the world’s most important collection of Bruegels, artifacts from ancient Egypt, Greece and Rome, the astonishing Kunstkammer chamber of wonders, and more.
Like its sister building, the insides are quite extraordinary. A young Gustav Klimt even worked on some of the motifs around the staircase.
Fountains
Four fountains with tritons and naiads surround the monument to Empress Maria Theresa and were completed just after both museums opened.
The two nearest the Ring are by Anton Schmidgruber, the others by Hugo Haerdtl and Edmund Hofmann von Aspernburg. All three produced various works for the buildings that sprang up around the Ringstraßen.
How to get to Maria-Theresien-Platz
Since it adjoins the Ring, the square has prominent subway and tram connections.
Subway: take the U3 to Volkstheater, leave the platform on the city centre side, and follow the museum signs. The MuseumsQuartier station on the U2 also offers nearby access.
Tram: take the 1, 2, D or 71 trams to either the Ring/Volkstheater or Burgring stops.
Address: Maria-Theresien-Platz, 1010 Vienna